Inspiring Student Empowerment: Moving Beyond Engagement, Refining Differentiation

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Table of Contents

Front Matter

• List of Figures vii
• List of Reproducible Pages viii
• Foreword ix
• Introduction 1
• In Search of the Golden Ticket 1
• Lessons Learned from the Free School Movement 2
• A Shift Toward Personalized Learning 2
• About This Book 4
• How to Use This Book 7
• The Journey of Teaching and Learning 8

Part 1 From Engagement to Empowerment 9

Chapter 1 Engagement: It Matters 11

• Engagement Defined 11
• Types of Engagement 12
• Student Behaviors 13
• Engagement Strategies 15
• Degree of Engagement 20
• An Engagement Lesson Plan in Action 22
• Chapter Summary 24

Chapter 2 Introducing Empowerment 29

• Empowerment Defined 29
• Control 32
• Motivation 32
• Gender and Empowerment 34
• Empowering English Language Learners 37
• Respecting Preferences and Strengths 37
• Teachers as Coaches 38
• Mentors 40
• Chapter Summary 41

Chapter 3 Empowerment: Best Practices, Strategies, and Programs 51

• Big E and Little e Empowerment Experiences 51
• Classroom Empowerment Strategies 53
• Chapter Summary 67

Chapter 4 In It to Win It: Empowerment Through Game-Based Education and Competitions 73

• Traditional Games 73
• Electronic Games 74
• Using the Game Model for Instruction 75
• Academic Competitions 79
• Chapter Summary 85

Part 2 From Differentiation to Personalized Learning 89

Chapter 5 Differentiation Revisited 91

• Differentiation Defined 91
• Limiting Beliefs About Differentiation 92
• The Eight Key Elements of Differentiation 93
• Chapter Summary 110

Chapter 6 Personalized Learning: Voice and Choice 123

• Personalized Learning Defined 123
• Research on Personalized Learning 125
• Student Voice in Personalized Learning 126
• Choice: Giving Students Control 129
• Chapter Summary 136

Chapter 7 Putting It All Together: Empowering Students to Design Their Own Instruction 139

• Competency-, Mastery-, and Proficiency-Based Education 139
• Beginning (or Refining) Your Personalized Learning Practice 141
• Chapter Summary 152

Chapter 8 Empowerment, Personalization, and Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) 165

• The Classroom Climate 165
• Executive Function, Empowerment, and Personalized Learning 167
• Integrating SEL into the Curriculum 169
• Chapter Summary 176
• Final Thoughts on Empowerment and Personalized Learning 183
• References and Resources 185
• Index 191
• About the Author 197

Figures

• Figure 1 Approach to Learning 5
• Figure 1-1 Student Behaviors and Engagement Strategies 15
• Figure 1-2 Sample Teacher Engage-O-Meter 21
• Figure 1-3 Sample Student Engage-O-Meter 22
• Figure 1-4 Sample Engagement Lesson Plan 23
• Figure 2-1 Student and Teacher Views on Student Empowerment 30
• Figure 2-2 From Compliance to Empowerment 32
• Figure 2-3 Oops-I Messed Up Sample 39
• Figure 3-1 Sample Categorizing Student Empowerment Experiences 52
• Figure 3-2 Chunk and Crunch 57
• Figure 3-3 Problem-Based Learning: How Water Changes Earth 61
• Figure 4-1 Sample Game Design Organizer 79
• Figure 4-2 Sample Classroom Competition Based on Odyssey of the Mind 83
• Figure 5-1 Sample Concept Map 95
• Figure 5-2 Sample List of Parts of a Microscope 96
• Figure 5-3 Sample SCARMA Curriculum Adjuster 97
• Figure 5-4 Teacher Observation Checklist 98
• Figure 5-5 Sample Differentiated Pacing Chart 100
• Figure 5-6 Sample Flexible Grouping Tracker 101
• Figure 5-7 Kimberly Joy's Revised Bloom's Taxonomy Matrix 106
• Figure 5-8 Revised Bloom's Taxonomy Quadrants for Differentiation 109
• Figure 5-9 Sample Combined Bloom's-DOK Matrix 111
• Figure 5-10 Product Options 111
• Figure 6-1 Sample Combo Rubric (Student) 128
• Figure 6-2 Sample Combo Rubric (Teacher) 129
• Figure 6-3 Sample Student Self-Reflection 130
• Figure 6-4 Sample Decision-Making Analyzer 131
• Figure 6-5 Student Choice Continuum 132
• Figure 6-6 Math Choice Board 134
• Figure 6-7 Math Choice Wheel 134
• Figure 7-1 Sample Reading Response Rubric 143
• Figure 7-2 Sample 4S Planner: Standards, Scope, Sequence, and Schedule 144
• Figure 7-3 Thinking Skills Classification 146
• Figure 7-4 Product Forms Classification 146
• Figure 7-5 Drapeau Tiered Questioning Student Guide 147
• Figure 7-6 Sample Pathways and Play lists 148
• Figure 7-7 Teacher and Teacher-Student Instructional Activities Planner 149
• Figure 7-8 Sample Formative Assessment Questions 151
• Figure 8-1 Sample Student Risk-Taking Questionnaire 172
• Figure 8-2 Sample Student Goal-Setting Questionnaire 174

Digital Content

• See page 196 for instructions for downloading this content and digital versions of all reproducible forms.
• List of Reproducible Pages
• Video Notes 25
• Teacher Engage-O-Meter 26
• Student Engage-O-Meter 27
• Share Your Empowerment Experiences 42
• Student Empowerment Questionnaire 43
• Teacher Empowerment Questionnaire 45
• Student Strengths and Preferences 47
• Oops-I Messed Up 48
• Student Coaching Process 49
• Student Mentee Information 50
• Categotizing Student Empowerment Experiences 68
• Quick Engagement and Empowerment Planner 69
• Inquiring Minds Want to Know 70
• Inquiry Rubric 71
• Three Tiers of Gaming Verbs 87
• Create just-Right Questions for Gaming 88
• Learner Survey 113
• KTW Chart 115
• SCARMA Curriculum Adjuster 116
• Peer Feedback Form 117
• Self-Assessment Form 118
• Differentiated Pacing Form 119
• Flexible Grouping Tracker 120
• Themes and Generalizations 121
• Student Self-Reflection 137
• Critique Starter Phrases 138
• Reading Response Rubric 153
• 4S Planner: Standards, Scope, Sequence, and Schedule 154
• Right-Now Learner Profile 155
• Instructional Design Planner for Personalized Learning 157
• Learning Strategies 158
• Pathways and Playlists 159
• Formative Assessment Questions 160
• Student Feedback Form 161
• Student Personalized Learning Plan 162
• Student-Led Conference Prep 163
• Questions and Verbs Decoder 177
• Test-Taking Tips 178
• Affective Perspectives Shared Language 179
• Student Risk-Taking Questionnaire 180
• Student Goal-Setting Questionnaire 181

"This powerful, insightful, and thought-provoking book adds a new dimension to teaching and learning. The four main areas of emphasis are differentiation, personalized learning, engagement, and empowerment. How these concepts differ and how they interact with and build on one another is the focus of this book. Throughout her practical book, author Patti Drapeau shows teachers and administrators ways to empower students to be self-directed, responsible, and confident learners. This book contains a plethora of excellent ideas--such as using games and competitions to develop student empowerment and giving students choices in designing their own learning concepts and activities. Finally, Drapeau emphasizes the importance of social and emotional learning within the framework of student empowerment. Because the topics covered are not only timely but also essential for teaching 21st-century students, I highly recommend this book to both experienced and new teachers."
- Carolyn Coil, Ed.D., educational consultant and author

"Patti Drapeau takes on the bold task of clearly defining some of the big ideas currently being discussed and implemented in schools: student engagement, differentiation, student empowerment, and personalized learning. Drapeau is clear that personalized learning is not differentiation, although differentiation is a component of personalized learning, and that student engagement is not the same as student empowerment. She then introduces us to frameworks, expansive strategies, templates, and tools as she guides our understanding of personalized learning and student empowerment. Drapeau presents an exciting vision for classrooms and enables school leaders and educators to confidently put its elements in practice."
- Diane Heacox, Ed.D., educational consultant and author of Differentiating Instruction in the Regular Classroom and Making Differentiation a Habit, and coauthor of Differentiation for Gifted Learners

"How do teachers move beyond their commitment to meeting individual student needs with a basic menu of differentiation strategies to a deeper understanding of personalized learning that motivates students to engage more fully . . . and to achieve? Inspiring Student Empowerment has answers. Each chapter provides detailed descriptions of evidence-based strategies, sample lessons, templates, and reproducible handouts. Whether you are a new teacher looking for practical ways to get started with curriculum differentiation, or a veteran program coordinator, you will find powerful support for becoming a more effective educator."
- Dr. Sally Krisel, director, Innovative and Advanced Programs, Hall County Schools, Gainesville, GA, and past president, National Association for Gifted Children

"In her latest work, Inspiring Student Empowerment, Patti Drapeau focuses the spotlight on meeting the social, emotional, and instructional needs of students in the classroom. This book brings student voice and empowerment center stage, which is exactly as it should be. The many, varied strategies that she includes to support effective student learning and engagement are both realistic and user-friendly. Kudos to Drapeau for continuing to highlight the importance of the connection between the teacher and the learner as they create an effective learning environment for all students. Well done!"
- Dr. Anita M. Campbell, University of Maine at Farmington