The ELL Teacher's Toolbox: Hundreds of Practical Ideas to Support Your Students

Practical strategies to support your English language learners.

The ELL Teacher’s Toolbox is a practical, valuable resource to be used by teachers of English Language Learners, in teacher education credential programs, and by staff development professionals and coaches. It provides hundreds of innovative and research-based instructional strategies you can use to support all levels of English Language Learners. 

Written by proven authors in the field, the book is divided into two main sections: Reading/Writing and Speaking/Listening. Each of those sections includes "Top Ten" favourites and between 40 and 70 strategies that can be used as part of multiple lessons and across content areas.

• Contains 60% new strategies
• Features ready-to-use lesson plans
• Includes reproducible handouts
• Offers technology integration ideas

The percentage of public school students who are English language learners grows each year and with this book, you'll get a ton of fresh, innovative strategies to add to your teaching arsenal.

Table of Contents

About the Authors xxix

Acknowledgments xxxi

Introduction 1

I Reading and Writing 3

1. Independent Reading 5
• What Is It? 5
• Why We Like It 5
• Supporting Research 5
• Common Core Connections 6
• Application 6
• Selecting Books 6
• Student-Teacher Check-Ins 7
• Writing and Talking About Books 7
• Publishing Student Successes 8
• Working with Students Not Literate in Their Home Language 8
• Student Handouts and Examples 9
• What Could Go Wrong? 9
• Technology Connections 9
• Attribution 10
• Figures 10
• Figure 1.1 End-of-Quarter Reading Reflection 10
• Figure 1.2 My Year of Reading Visual Project 11
• Figure 1.3 My Year of Reading Student Example 11
2. Literary Conversations 13
• What Is It? 13
• Why We Like It 13
• Supporting Research 13
• Common Core Connections 14
• Application 14
• Book Trailers 14
• Book Talks 15
• Partner Reading 15
• Book Interviews 16
• Golden Lines 16
• Creative Response Prompts 16
• Student Handouts and Examples 17
• What Could Go Wrong? 17
• Technology Connections 18
• Attribution 18
• Figures 19
• Figure 2.1 Book Trailer 19
• Figure 2.2 Book Talk 20
• Figure 2.3 Partner-Reading Instructions 21
• Figure 2.4 Book Interview 22
3. Graphic Organizers 23
• What Is It? 23
• Why We Like It 23
• Supporting Research 24
• Common Core Connections 24
• Application 24
• Reading 24
• Writing 25
• Student Handouts and Examples 27
• What Could Go Wrong? 27
• Technology Connections 28
• Attribution 28
• Figures 29
• Figure 3.1 Narrative Word Chart 29
• Figure 3.2 Identifying Words While Reading 30
• Figure 3.3 Five Senses Chart 30
• Figure 3.4 Five Senses Chart Student Example 31
• Figure 3.5 Setting 32
• Figure 3.6 Main Characters 33
• Figure 3.7 Supporting Characters 34
• Figure 3.8 Theme 35
• Figure 3.9 Conflict Map 36
• Figure 3.10 Story Events 37
• Figure 3.11 Dialogue 38
• Figure 3.12 Write Your Story 39
4. Vocabulary 41
• What Is It? 41
• Why We Like It 42
• Supporting Research 42
• Common Core Connections 43
• Application 43
• Four Words Sheet 43
• Word Chart 43
• Teaching New Words During Reading 44
• Academic Vocabulary 44
• Clines 45
• Word Webs 46
• Interactive Word Wall 46
• Cognates 48
• From Clues to Words 48
• Student Handouts and Examples 49
• What Could Go Wrong? 49
• Technology Connections 49
• Attribution 50
• Figures 51
• Figure 4.1 Four Words Sheet 51
• Figure 4.2 Question and Sentence Starters List 52
• Figure 4.3 Narrative Word Chart 53
• Figure 4.4 Identifying Words While Reading 54
• Figure 4.5 Clines 55
5. Activating Prior Knowledge 57
• What Is It? 57
• Why We Like It 58
• Supporting Research 58
• Common Core Connections 58
• Application 58
• KWL Charts 59
• Anticipation Guides 59
• Multimedia 59
• Quick writes 60
• Preparatory Texts 60
• Field Trips—Real or Virtual 60
• Student Handout and Example 61
• What Could Go Wrong? 61
• Technology Connections 61
• Figure 62
• Figure 5.1 Anticipation Guide 62
6. Sequencing 65
• What Is It? 65
• Why We Like It 65
• Supporting Research 66
• Common Core Connections 66
• Application 66
• Strip Stories 66
• Sentence Scrambles 68
• Comic Strips 68
• Student Handouts and Examples 68
• What Could Go Wrong? 69
• Technology Connections 69
• Attribution 69
• Figures 70
• Figure 6.1 First Day of School Strip Story (Student Handout) 70
• Figure 6.2 First Day of School Strip Story (Teacher Answer Key) 71
• Figure 6.3 Mexico Strip Story (Student Handout) 72
• Figure 6.4 Mexico Strip Story (Teacher Answer Key) 73
• Figure 6.5 Strip Story Instructions 74
7. Clozes 75
• What Is It? 75
• Why We Like It 75
• Supporting Research 75
• Common Core Connections 76
• Application 76
• Student Handouts and Examples 78
• What Could Go Wrong? 78
• Technology Connections 79
• Attribution 79
• Figures 80
• Figure 7.1 Cloze with No Answers Shown—Jobs (Student Handout) 80
• Figure 7.2 Cloze with No Answers Shown—Jobs (Teacher Answer Key) 80
• Figure 7.3 Cloze with No Answers Shown—Art and Music (Student Handout) 80
• Figure 7.4 Cloze with No Answers Shown—Art and Music (Teacher Answer Key) 81
• Figure 7.5 Cloze with Word Bank—Helen Keller (Student Handout) 81
• Figure 7.6 Cloze with Word Bank—Helen Keller (Teacher Answer Key) 82
• Figure 7.7 Cloze with Word Bank at End of Sentences—Cesar Chavez (Student Handout) 82
• Figure 7.8 Cloze with Word Bank at End of Sentences—Cesar Chavez (Teacher Answer Key) 83
• Figure 7.9 Cloze with Letter Blanks—Juan and Maria (Student Handout) 83
• Figure 7.10 Cloze with Letter Blanks—Juan and Maria (Teacher Answer Key) 83
• Figure 7.11 Cloze with No Blanks—US History (Student Handout) 84
• Figure 7.12 Cloze with No Blanks—US History (Teacher Answer Key) 85
• Figure 7.13 Persuading My Parents Cloze and Mimic Write 85
• Figure 7.14 Persuading My Parents (Student Sample) 86
• Figure 7.15 Instructions for Making a Cloze 86
8. Language Experience Approach (LEA) 87
• What Is It? 87
• Why We Like It 87
• Supporting Research 87
• Common Core Connections 87
• Application 88
• Student Handout and Example 89
• What Could Go Wrong? 89
• Technology Connection 90
• Attribution 90
• Figure 90
• Figure 8.1 Language Experience Approach Model 90
9. Jigsaw 91
• What Is It? 91
• Why We Like It 91
• Supporting Research 91
• Common Core Connections 92
• Application 92
• Beginners and Low-Intermediates 92
• High-Intermediates and Advanced 94
• Student Handouts and Examples 96
• What Could Go Wrong? 96
• Technology Connections 96
• Attribution 97
• Figures 97
• Figure 9.1 Driver's License Jigsaw 97
• Figure 9.2 Driver's License Activity 98
• Figure 9.3 Nina's Break-In Part 1: Jigsaw 99
• Figure 9.4 Nina's Break-In Part 2: Questions About the Story 100
• Figure 9.5 Nina's Break-In: How to Use This Jigsaw 101
• Figure 9.6 Student Jigsaw Instructions 102
10. Reading Comprehension 103
• What Is It? 103
• Why We Like It 104
• Supporting Research 104
• Reading Strategies 104
• Read Alouds and Think Alouds 105
• Close Reading 105
• Common Core Connections 105
• Application 105
• Reading Strategies 105
• Read Alouds and Think Alouds 107
• Whole-Class Readings 108
• Close Reading 113
• Student Handouts and Examples 117
• What Could Go Wrong? 117
• Technology Connections 117
• Attribution 118
• Figures 119
• Figure 10.1 Reading Strategies Word Chart 119
• Figure 10.2 Think Aloud Example 120
• Figure 10.3 Benefits of Reading Data Set 121
• Figure 10.4 “What People Say About” Graphic Organizer 122
11. Inductive Learning 123
• What Is It? 123
• Why We Like It 123
• Supporting Research 124
• Common Core Connections 124
• Application 124
• Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) 124
• Text, Phonics, and Picture Data Sets 126
• Concept Attainment 128
• Student Handouts and Examples 129
• What Could Go Wrong? 129
• Technology Connections 129
• Attribution 130
• Figures 130
• Figure 11.1 A Man in the Kitchen 130
• Figure 11.2 Kitchen Picture Cloze Sentences 131
• Figure 11.3 International New Year's Traditions Data Set (for Intermediates) 132
• Figure 11.4 John F. Kennedy Data Set (for Intermediates) 133
• Figure 11.5 Seasons of the Year Data Set (for Beginners) 134
• Figure 11.6 Data Set Instructions 134
• Figure 11.7 Page from Sounds Easy! Phonics, Spelling, and Pronunciation Practice 135
• Figure 11.8 Concept Attainment Example on Adjectives and Periods 136
• Figure 11.9 Concept Attainment Example on Has and Have 136
12. Concept Attainment—Plus! 137
• What Is It? 137
• Why We Like It 137
• Supporting Research 137
• Common Core Connections 137
• Application 138
• Student Handouts and Examples 139
• What Could Go Wrong? 139
• Technology Connections 139
• Figures 140
• Figure 12.1 Student Example and Correction 140
• Figure 12.2 Student Annotation of Mistakes 141
• Figure 12.3 Teacher Mimic Write of Student Mistakes 142
• Figure 12.4 Teacher Mimic Write with Student Corrections 143
• Figure 12.5 Student Writing Prompt and Response 144
13. Sentence Navigators and Sentence Builders 145
• What Is It? 145
• Why We Like It 145
• Supporting Research 145
• Common Core Connections 146
• Application 146
• Student Handouts and Examples 147
• What Could Go Wrong? 147
• Technology Connection 147
• Attribution 147
• Figures 148
• Figure 13.1 Model Sentence Navigator Answering Questions 148
• Figure 13.2 Blank Sentence Navigator Answering Questions 149
• Figure 13.3 Blank Sentence Navigator for Any Sentence 150
14. Writing Frames and Writing Structures 151
• What Is It? 151
• Why We Like It 151
• Supporting Research 152
• Common Core Connections 152
• Application 152
• Writing Frames 152
• Writing Structures 153
• Student Handouts and Examples 155
• What Could Go Wrong? 155
• Technology Connections 156
• Attribution 156
• Figures 156
• Figure 14.1 George Washington Writing Frame 156
• Figure 14.2 Mexico Writing Frame 157
• Figure 14.3 Mexico Writing Structure 158
• Figure 14.4 ABC Writing Structure 159
• Figure 14.5 PEE Writing Structure 160
• Figure 14.6 RACE Writing Structure 161
• Figure 14.7 AREE! Writing Structure 162
• Figure 14.8 AREE! Writing Structure Teaching Grid 163
15. Quoting, Summarizing, and Paraphrasing 165
• What Is It? 165
• Why We Like It 165
• Supporting Research 166
• Common Core Connections 166
• Application 166
• Quoting 166
• Summarizing 167
• Paraphrasing 168
• Student Handouts and Examples 170
• What Could Go Wrong? 170
• Technology Connection 170
• Figures 171
• Figure 15.1 Summarizing Examples 171
• Figure 15.2 Concept Attainment Paraphrasing 1 172
• Figure 15.3 Concept Attainment Paraphrasing 2 173
• Figure 15.4 Paraphrase Sheet 174
16. Cooperative Writing 175
• What Is It? 175
• Why We Like It 175
• Supporting Research 176
• Common Core Connections 176
• Application 176
• Cooperative Drawings 176
• Chain Stories 177
• Cooperative Storytelling 178
• Sticky Chats 179
• What Could Go Wrong? 180
• Technology Connections 180
• Attribution 181
17. Using Photos or Other Images in Reading and Writing 183
• What Is It? 183
• Why We Like It 183
• Supporting Research 184
• Common Core Connections 184
• Application 184
• Slideshow Annotation 184
• Close-Read Photos and Other Images 184
• Unveiling Parts of an Image 185
• Writing Captions and Cloze Captions 185
• Compare and Contrast 186
• Picture Story 187
• Student Handouts and Examples 187
• What Could Go Wrong? 187
• Technology Connections 188
• Attribution 188
• Figures 189
• Figure 17.1 Slideshow Notes 189
• Figure 17.2 Examining an Image 190
• Figure 17.3 Examining an Image (for Intermediates) 191
18. Writer's Notebook 193
• What Is It? 193
• Why We Like It 193
• Supporting Research 194
• Common Core Connections 194
• Application 194
• Getting Started 194
• How Students Use Them 196
• How Teachers Use Them 197
• Student Handouts and Examples 197
• What Could Go Wrong? 197
• Technology Connection 198
• Attribution 198
• Figures 198
• Figure 18.1 Student Example of a Heart Map 198
• Figure 18.2 Prompts for Responding to My Reading 199
19. Error Correction Strategies 201
• What Is It? 201
• Why We Like It 201
• Supporting Research 202
• Common Core Connections 203
• Application 203
• Concept Attainment and Concept Attainment Plus 203
• Games 203
• Encourage a Growth Mind-Set 204
• Giving Individual Feedback 204
• What Could Go Wrong? 205
• Technology Connections 205
• Attribution 205
20. Revision 207
• What Is It? 207
• Why We Like It 207
• Supporting Research 208
• Common Core Connections 208
• Application 208
• Student Handout and Example 210
• What Could Go Wrong? 210
• Technology Connections 210
• Figure 212
• Figure 20.1 Peer Review Sheet 212
21. Problem-Posing 213
• What Is It? 213
• Why We Like It 213
• Supporting Research 213
• Common Core Connections 214
• Application 214
• Student Handout and Example 217
• What Could Go Wrong? 217
• Technology Connections 218
• Attribution 218
• Figure 219
• Figure 21.1 Problem-Posing Graphic Organizer 219
22. Micro-Progressions 221
• What Is It? 221
• Why We Like It 221
• Supporting Research 222
• Common Core Connections 222
• Application 222
• Student Handouts and Examples 225
• What Could Go Wrong? 225
• Attribution 225
• Figures 226
• Figure 22.1 Micro-Progression—Claim and Evidence 226
• Figure 22.2 Micro-Progression—Predictions 226
23. Learning Games for Reading and Writing 227
• What Is It? 227
• Why We Like It 227
• Supporting Research 228
• Common Core Connections 228
• Application 228
• Nine Box Grid 228
• Phonic Darts 229
• Fill-in-the-Blank 229
• Flyswatter Game (with or Without Flyswatters) 230
• Name It 231
• Round-and-Round She Goes 231
• Writing Bingo 231
• Sentence Scrambles 232
• Academic Language Sentences 233
• Pictionary 234
• Team-Writing Sentences 234
• Hangman 234
• Categories 235
• What Doesn’t Belong? 235
• Student Handouts and Examples 235
• What Could Go Wrong? 235
• Technology Connections 236
• Attribution 238
• Figures 238
• Figure 23.1 Nine Box Grid with Health Care Words Example 238
• Figure 23.2 Nine Box Grid Template 239

II Speaking and Listening 241

24. Dictation 243
• What Is It? 243
• Why We Like It 243
• Supporting Research 243
• Common Core Connections 243
• Application 244
• Paired Dictation 244
• Dictogloss (and Variations) 244
• Picture Dictation 246
• Information Gap 246
• What Could Go Wrong? 247
• Technology Connections 247
• Attribution 248
25. Conversation Practice 249
• What Is It? 249
• Why We Like It 249
• Supporting Research 249
• Common Core Connections 250
• Application 250
• Dialogues 250
• 3–2-1 251
• Ask-Answer-Add 252
• Conversation Cheat Sheets 253
• Self-Assessment 253
• Student Handouts and Examples 253
• What Could Go Wrong? 254
• Technology Connections 254
• Attribution 254
• Figures 255
• Figure 25.1 Holiday Dialogue 255
• Figure 25.2 Dialogue Scramble 255
• Figure 25.3 Dialogue Scramble (Teacher Answer Key) 256
26. Total Physical Response (TPR) 257
• What Is It? 257
• Why We Like It 257
• Supporting Research 257
• Common Core Connections 257
• Application 258
• TPR Extension Activity 258
• What Could Go Wrong? 259
• Technology Connections 259
• Attribution 260
27. Music 261
• What Is It? 261
• Why We Like It 261
• Supporting Research 261
• Common Core Connections 262
• Application 262
• Typical Sequence 262
• Topical Projects 265
• Personalized Song Lessons 266
• Chants 267
• Student Handouts and Examples 267
• What Could Go Wrong? 267
• Technology Connections 268
• Attribution 268
• Figures 269
• Figure 27.1 Song Lyric Analysis Sheet 269
• Figure 27.2 My Favorite Song 271
• Figure 27.3 Information Chants 273
28. Using Photos or Other Images in Speaking and Listening 275
• What Is It? 275
• Why We Like It 275
• Supporting Research 275
• Common Core Connections 276
• Application 276
• Photo Collages 276
• Back and Forth 276
• If Animals or Inanimate Objects Could Talk 277
• Student Handout and Example 277
• What Could Go Wrong? 277
• Technology Connections 277
• Attribution 277
• Figure 278
• Figure 28.1 Back-and-Forth Page 278
29. Video 279
• What Is It? 279
• Why We Like It 279
• Supporting Research 280
• Common Core Connections 280
• Application 280
• Guidelines 280
• Typical Sequence 281
• Back to the Screen 283
• Sequencing 283
• True or False 284
• Pause and Predict 284
• How-To Videos 285
• Student Handouts and Examples 285
• What Could Go Wrong? 285
• Technology Connections 285
• Attribution 286
• Figures 287
• Figure 29.1 Video Thinking Sheet 287
• Figure 29.2 Pause and Predict Sheet 288
30. Oral Presentations 289
• What Is It? 289
• Why We Like It 289
• Supporting Research 289
• Common Core Connections 290
• Application 290
• Guidelines 290
• Teaching Presentation Skills 292
• Short Presentations 294
• Long Presentations 298
• Student Handouts and Examples 300
• What Could Go Wrong? 300
• Technology Connections 300
• Attribution 301
• Figures 302
• Figure 30.1 Presentation Peer Evaluation Rubric 302
• Figure 30.2 Speaking Dos and Don’ts 303
• Figure 30.3 Listening Dos and Don’ts 303
• Figure 30.4 Talking Points PresentationModel and Outline 304
• Figure 30.5 Top Five Outline 306
• Figure 30.6 Home Culture Planning Sheet 307
• Figure 30.7 Sentence Stems for Oral Presentations 308
• Figure 30.8 Oral Presentation Feedback Form 309
31. Listening 311
• What Is It? 311
• Why We Like It 311
• Supporting Research 312
• Common Core Connections 312
• Application 312
• The Why and the How: Listening Benefits and Metacognitive Listening 312
• Listening Language Frames 314
• More Listening Ideas 314
• Student Handouts and Examples 316
• What Could Go Wrong? 316
• Technology Connections 316
• Attribution 317
• Figures 317
• Figure 31.1 Listening Practice Sheet 317
• Figure 31.2 Listening Frames 318
• Figure 31.3 Sample Dialogue 319
32. Debate 321
• What Is It? 321
• Why We Like It 321
• Supporting Research 321
• Common Core Connections 322
• Application 322
• Student Handout and Example 324
• What Could Go Wrong? 324
• Technology Connection 324
• Figure 325
• Figure 32.1 Debate Language 325
33. Learning Games for Speaking and Listening 327
• What Is It? 327
• Why We Like It 327
• Supporting Research 327
• Common Core Connections 328
• Application 328
• Nine Box Grid 328
• Answer—Question 328
• Letter Scavenger Hunt 329
• Sound Effects 330
• Guess the Word 330
• Telephone 330
• Running Dictation 331
• Student Handout and Example 331
• What Could Go Wrong? 331
• Technology Connections 331
• Attribution 332
• Figure 332
• Figure 33.1 Nine Box Grid 332

III Additional Key Strategies 333

34. Differentiation for ELLs in Mainstream Classes 335
• What Is It? 335
• Why We Like It 336
• Supporting Research 336
• Common Core Connections 336
• Application 336
• Dos and Don’ts 336
• Newcomer in Class 340
• What Could Go Wrong? 342
• Technology Connections 343
• Attribution 344
35. Supporting ELL Students with Interrupted Formal Education (SIFEs) 345
• What Is It? 345
• Why We Like It 346
• Supporting Research 346
• Common Core Connections 346
• Application 346
• Online Support 346
• Phonics Instruction 347
• Home Language Instruction 347
• Encouragement, Patience, and Support 347
• What Could Go Wrong? 348
• Technology Connections 349
36. Culturally Responsive Teaching 351
• What Is It? 351
• Why We Like It 352
• Supporting Research 352
• Common Core Connections 352
• Application 352
• How Well Do I Know My Students? 352
• Do My Words Reflect a Culturally Responsive Mind-Set When I Am Talking to Students and About Students? 353
• How Are My Instructional Practices Culturally Responsive? 354
• How Is the Curriculum I Am Using Culturally Responsive? 355
• What Could Go Wrong? 356
• Technology Connections 356
37. Peer Teaching and Learning 359
• What Is It? 359
• Why We Like It 359
• Supporting Research 359
• Common Core Connections 359
• Application 360
• Empathy Project 360
• Peer Tutoring 361
• Peer Mentoring 362
• Sister Classes 362
• Everyone Is a Teacher 363
• Student Handouts and Examples 364
• What Could Go Wrong? 364
• Technology Connections 364
• Attribution 365
• Figures 366
• Figure 37.1 Personal Story Outline 366
• Figure 37.2 Story Sharing 367
• Figure 37.3 Writing Prompt: Building Empathy 368
• Figure 37.4 Story-Sharing Listening Chart 369
• Figure 37.5 Peer Mentor Guidelines 370
• Figure 37.6 Everyone Is a Teacher Poster 371
• Figure 37.7 Everyone Is a Teacher Goal-Setting Chart 372
• Figure 37.8 Student Example of Goal-Setting Chart 373
38. Co-Teaching 375
• What Is It? 375
• Why We Like It 375
• Supporting Research 375
• Common Core Connections 376
• Application 376
• Co-Teaching Don’ts and Dos 376
• Technology Connection 378
• Attribution 378
39. Working with Parents and Guardians 379
• What Is It? 379
• Why We Like It 379
• Supporting Research 380
• Common Core Connections 381
• Application 381
• Communicating with Parents 381
• Supporting Parents 382
• Inviting Families to Participate in Classroom Learning 383
• What Could Go Wrong? 383
• Technology Connections 384
• Attribution 384
40. Learning Stations 385
• What Is It? 385
• Why We Like It 385
• Supporting Research 385
• Common Core Connections 385
• Application 386
• What Could Go Wrong? 387
• Technology Connection 388
41. Beginning the School Year 389
• What Is It? 389
• Why We Like It 389
• Supporting Research 389
• Common Core Connections 390
• Application 390
• Greeting Students 390
• Student Names 391
• Course Expectations Activity 391
• Letter Exchange 391
• Partner Introductions 392
• Student Handouts and Examples 395
• What Could Go Wrong? 395
• Technology Connections 395
• Attribution 396
• Figures 396
• Figure 41.1 Course Expectations 396
• Figure 41.2 Course Expectations Questions 398
• Figure 41.3 Partner Introductions 399
• Figure 41.4 My Summer 400
42. Ending the School Year 401
• What Is It? 401
• Why We Like It 401
• Supporting Research 401
• Common Core Connections 402
• Application 402
• Activities for the Last Few Months of School 402
• Activities for the Last Few Days of School 405
• Encouraging Summer Practice 407
• Student Handouts and Examples 407
• What Could Go Wrong? 408
• Technology Connections 408
• Attribution 409
• Figures 409
• Figure 42.1 Finishing Strong Goal Sheet 409
• Figure 42.2 Lesson Plan 410
• Figure 42.3 My Year Directions 412
• Figure 42.4 Writing Improvement Rubric 413
• Figure 42.5 Improvement Rubric Reflection Questions 414
43. Beginning and Ending of Class 415
• What Is It? 415
• Why We Like It 415
• Supporting Research 416
• Common Core Connections 416
• Application 416
• Do-Now Activities 416
• Closure Activities 419
• What Could Go Wrong? 421
• Technology Connections 421
• Attribution 422
44. Textbooks 423
• What Is It? 423
• Why We Like It 423
• Supporting Research 424
• Common Core Connections 424
• Application 424
• What Could Go Wrong? 426
• Technology Connection 426
• Attribution 426
45. Using Technology 427
• What Is It? 427
• Why We Like It 427
• Supporting Research 428
• Common Core Connections 428
• Application 428
• Teaching Others 429
• Independent Study 429
• Homework 431
• Learning to Type and Use the Keyboard 432
• Student Handouts and Examples 432
• What Could Go Wrong? 432
• Technology Connections 433
• Attribution 433
• Figures 434
• Figure 45.1 Student-Led Lesson Plan 434
• Figure 45.2 Lesson Guide 435
• Figure 45.3 Weekly Computer Independent Study Plan 436
• Figure 45.4 Personalized Learning Weekly Test 437
• Figure 45.5 Daily Computer Plan & Reflection 439

Appendix: English Language Arts Standards - Anchor Standards 441

• College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading 441
• College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Writing 443
• College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Speaking and Listening 444
• College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Language 445
• Technological Connections: Web Resources 447

References 461

Index 499